ETIP Photovoltaics

Roadmap 1

KPIS

KPIs

KPIs envisaged for this roadmap are:

KPITarget Value (2030)Current value
Energy required to produce MGS

< 8 kWh/kg

11 kWh/kg2
Electricity for SoG silicon

<10 kWh/kg for advanced processes

49 kWh/kg2
Electricity for Cz ingot

< 25 kWh/kg

32 kWh/kg2
Wafer thickness150-160 µm depending on wafer size170 µm2,12
Kerf losses< 50 µm1260-65 µm2,12
Primary raw material usage for
BOS i.e., concrete and steel		Reduction by at least 3 % (4 % reduction by 2030 and further 6-7 % by 2050)
Primary raw material usageReduction of Plastic, glass, Al, and Cu, by at least 3 % (respectively 3 %, 4 %, 4 %, 2 %
reduction by 2030 and further 7 %, 6 %, 6 %, 7 % by 2050)
Acquisition of PV materials from
European producers		Increase silicon metal by 20 % (Norway, 6 % global share in 2019), and silver by 30 %
(Poland, 20 % global share in 2019)
Environmental KPIsPV system in S. Europe:
1700 kWh/m2		PV system in N. Europe:
1000 kWh/m2		PV system in S. Europe:
1700 kWh/m2
Carbon footprint
Values for 2030 are based on
current production electricity
mixes. As the energy transition
evolves, EU mix gradually moves
toward Norway’s electricity mix
emissions.

Mono-c-Si:
<18 gCO2-eq/kWh (CN)
<10 gCO2-eq/kWh (EU)
<7 gCO2-eq/kWh (NO)

Perovskite-Si tandem:
<16 gCO2-eq/kWh (CN)
<9 gCO2-eq/kWh (EU)
<6 gCO2-eq/kWh (NO)

Thin film, single junction:
<12 gCO2-eq/kWh (CN)

Mono-c-Si:
<30 gCO2-eq/kWh (CN)
<16 gCO2-eq/kWh (EU)
<12 gCO2-eq/kWh (NO)

Perovskite-Si tandem:
<27 gCO2-eq/kWh (CN)
<15 gCO2-eq/kWh (EU)
<10 gCO2-eq/kWh (NO)

Thin film, single junction:
<20 gCO2-eq/kWh (CN)

IEA PVPS Task
12+ecoinvent+prod.
China:

Mono-Si 20.5 %:
23 gCO2-eq/kWh

Multi-Si 18 %:
25 gCO2-eq/kWh

Monocrystalline silicon
(PERC), harmonized to
Southern Europe, input
data from:

28 gCO2-eq/kWh
(production China)

15 gCO2-eq/kWh
(production EU)

11 gCO2-eq/kWh
(production Norway)

Thin film, single junction:
15-20 gCO2-eq/kWh

Process/technical KPIsTarget Value (2030)Current value
CED (MJ/Wp)<9.5 MJ/Wp monoIEA PVPS Task
12+ecoinvent+prod.
China:(52)
Mono 20.5 %:
13.6 MJ/Wp mono
Multi 18 %:
14.8 MJ/Wp multi
EPBT<0.55 years<0.93 yearsIEA PVPS Task
12+ecoinvent+prod.
China:(52)
Mono 20.5 %:
13.6 MJ/Wp mono
Multi 18 %:
14.8 MJ/Wp multi
EROI electricity kWhel/kWhPE>16>10IEA PVPS Task
12+ecoinvent+prod.
China:(52)
Mono-Si 20.5 %: 11.5
Multi-Si 18 %: 10.5
EROI primary energy
kWhPE/kWhPE
=0.3		>54>32IEA PVPS Task
12+ecoinvent+prod.
China:(52)
Mono-Si 20.5 %: 38
Multi-Si 18 %: 35